Describe Personal Attributes You Possess Or Life Experiences

1. Describe personal attributes you possess or life experiences you have had that will enable you to better understand patients with a culture different from your own. Please include your self-reflection on how this experience has changed your insights, beliefs, and/or values. (1000 characters) My life experiences with different cultures began in my hometown, when Prairie Island Tribal Council members educated students about their culture through lectures, dance, and band performances. This allowed me to appreciate my Mdewakanton classmates’ culture. My exposure to different cultures expanded during an internship at a medical examiner’s office, because death is universal. I learned being culturally respectful and sensitive begins by listening to their stories and experiences before answering their questions honestly and reassuring them the deceased would be treated with respect. As I traveled to rural Honduras on a medical brigade and as a student studying abroad in Italy and Germany, I realized by listening and observing without judgement, I began to understand the cultures. In addition, I discovered generalizations of a culture give an incomplete view and I cannot assume I understand a culture. Instead, individuals are unique based on experiences as well as their culture. a. Identify community service activities in which you have participated in during the last five years. Medical Activities AND Non-medical Activities Medical Activities Non-medical Activities NoShow MoreRelatedThe Army s Formula For Success1320 Words   |  6 Pagesfate is effective leadership. We must tirelessly seek to understand effective leadership in order to maintain the trust and confidence of all Soldiers while consistently exemplifying certain essential attributes, regardless of the mistakes that we will make. 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When diagnosed with bipolar disorder, many have a sense of the direction their life is taking as being unmanageable, along with trouble establishing any momentum of evolvement. The person’s view on where they should be in life can be a direct link to their experiences in earlier childhood. Participants ability to learn were limited because of their bipolar disorder, along with their academic achievements. This not onlyRead MoreThe Lakota Way By Joseph Marshall1281 Words   |  6 Pagesstory â€Å"The Lakota Way; Joseph Marshall III adequately convinces the reader to persevere through a series of stories that allows the reader to develop a personal connection with characters. Marshall achieves this by informing the reader and using formal diction. This allows his readers to experience how perseverance can have a positive impact on one’s life. Marshall teaches us that Perseverance represents a quality in human beings that allows us to be steadfast despite the difficulty. In the folk taleRead MoreQualities Of Being A Successful Leader Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout my life, I have multiple opportunities to experience the qualities of being a successful, effective leader. These opportunities have originated throughout the experiences of my career in a thletics, playing on both high school and college football teams, being a group leader in my church, and also being a part of a family. I have gained substantial qualities that constitute a good leader through these life experiences. Some of the most valuable leadership characteristics that I have obtainedRead MoreThe Little Engine That Could1061 Words   |  5 Pageswith the potential of being fully actualized within daily life if one dedicates time and energy into honing these skills. This principle provides the foundation of research by Donald O. Clifton, father of strength psychology and creator of the Strength Finder Assessment. The Clifton Strength Finder is an assessment tool designed to help an individual identify, develop, and apply his or her unique strength set. My paper will discuss personal revelations about myself arising from the Clifton StrengthsRead MoreLsi Assignment1533 Words   |  7 PagesLife Styles Inventory Exercise Robert A. Hamilton GM 591 Professor:   Cynthia  Osofsky Sept 10, 2011 Personal Thinking Styles Read MoreJob Satisfaction1431 Words   |  6 Pagesthe workplace. It will explain the impact that organizational socialization has on job satisfaction as well as providing an example of how an organization can use organizational socialization to positively impact job satisfaction. Finally, it will describe the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction as well as providing an example of how an organization can use organizational commitment to positively impact job satisfaction. Define Job Satisfaction Employees whoRead MoreCounselor Identity Report Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Often in life it is important for us to reflect on what career path we will take. It helps to better define who we are as individuals, what we stand for, it allows others to know your background, why you are so passionate about it, and why you chose to follow a certain path in life. This paper will answer several of these questions as we delve into wondering when was the first time I recall an individual applying counseling skills with me, my feelings, and the outcome of the encounterRead MoreEmpowerment Of The Nursing Staff866 Words   |  4 Pagescited in Blais Hayes, 2011) empowerment is described as a form of responsibility handed down from a leader to a team / individual, which allows one to be a part of the decision-making process. For example, when the healthcare facility began to experience an increase in-house pressure ulcers, management empowered the nursing staff to create a proposal to address the issue. Personally, I suggested initiating a turn schedule for physica lly dependent patients. The schedule promotes appropriate turning

Differences Between Diurnal And Nocturnal Primates

I chose to write my paper on the differences between diurnal and nocturnal primates. I chose this topic because I thought it sounded interesting. I also chose it because I have horrible night vision and have trouble driving at night, so I thought it would be cool to learn how certain primates live in darkness and how their eyes work. This topic is relevant to biological anthropology because we learned about all different types of primates throughout the course and their characteristics including: social behaviors, diets, nocturnal vs. diurnal, and many other aspects of primate life. We didn’t get to go into detail about many of the primates and see the differences in nocturnal versus diurnal. In my paper I decided to key in on two specific animals, the owl money and brown lemur. I did this because I wanted to get to know more about each animal and the owl monkey has a very unique story. I also chose to narrow in on the main difference between all diurnal and nocturnal animals and that is the eyes. In my paper I will talk about the behavioral differences between the owl monkey and brown lemur (I will also go into some detail about each of the primates, because I thought they both were fascinating), the differences in the eyes, and also just some other general facts about diurnal and nocturnal primates. The first thing I’m going to talk about is the differences in the eyes of nocturnal and diurnal primates. One thing that is very fascinating to me is that many primatesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Isbell And Wrights Night Watch On The Amazon1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe articles main focus is the relationship between these monkeys and their natural predators. Focusing on how the predator aspect of their lives is determined by their environment and adaptations they make to ensure survival. Isbell’s Vervets Year of Doom focuses more on the adaptations that was forced upon the vervets’ because of their changing environment, the death of fever trees. While Wright’s Night Watch on the Amazon focusses more on how the primates way of life affects their relationship withRead MoreThe Proliferation And The Demise Of Primate Species From The Paleocene Epoch1219 Words   |  5 Pagesplants, known as the producers in the food supply chain. The changing climate has had a powerful effect upon evolution, including the evolution of primates. This essay explores the proliferation and the demise of primate species from the Paleocene Epoch to the Miocene Epoch by comparing and contrasting the physical and behavior differences between the primates of each period and how the ecological conditions of the period allowed for their selection. Whereas dinosaurs once ruled the earth, their largeRead MoreEvolution And Evolution Of Primates1171 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of evolution over time that there is no general theory involving primate evolution. Most of the theories are just mere speculation. Over the years, primates like gorillas, chimpanzees, and baboons all happened to have their turn in evolution. It was previously presumed that the taxon of interest happened to have the exact similar physiology and ecology as the analog taxon (Rafferty, 2010).The majority of the first primate species theories have been utilized because they solely share one fundamentalRead MoreThe Species Of Homo Neanderthalensis Essay1760 Words   |  8 Pageswhen they compared the morphology of 21 Homo neanderthalensis skulls to 38 contemporary anatomically modern humans. Prediction 1b. There is no osteological evidence to support that Neanderthal minds were visually adapted, and there are no differences between the orbital structures of Homo neanderthalensis and contemporary anatomically modern humans. Researchers and institutions have acknowledged that Homo neanderthensis had a hunter and gatherer type society based on isotope analyses of their bonesRead MoreEvolution of Tapetum Lucidum2541 Words   |  11 Pagesintensity of an image on the retina. Using eye shine to identify animals in the dark implies not only color but, also several other features. The color reciprocates to the type of tapetum lucidum with some distinction between species. Other features also include the distance between pupils’ related to its size, the height above the ground; the manner of blinking, (if there is any) and the movement of the eye shine (such as weaving, hopping, leaping, climbing or flying.) Tapetum cellulosum was discoveredRead MoreThe Yolk Sac And Its Effects On The Human Bodies2139 Words   |  9 Pagesareas of the earth became dead zones. There were some survivors though and one of them is Thrinaxodon. Thrinaxodon was a small nocturnal burrowing animal and its teeth indicate it w as an insectivore. What possibly links this animal to mammals is the first evidence of hair. Its bones show pits in its skull around the cheeks where whiskers would have been. Thrinaxodon’s nocturnal lifestyle and its burrowing habits would have required more sensory assistance and whiskers would have been an ideal adaptationRead MorePrimate Evolution4609 Words   |  19 PagesPrimate Taxonomy Primate Taxonomy Introduction This first lecture is designed to introduce the primate order in terms of its classification and to familiarise you with the animals so that the rest of the course makes some sort of sense. I will cover a working definition of what makes a primate, give you a general classification scheme, describe the major features that identify the groups within the classification and discuss some of the controversial areas of the classification. I shall treatRead MoreArchaeology Notes19985 Words   |  80 PagesOrigins of Primates 17 The Basis for Human Evolution 23 Origins of the Genus Homo 28 Origins of Modern Humans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 32 Behavior and Evolution of Early Hominines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦39 African Pre- Historic Art†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.49 Definition of Terms Angular torus a thickened bony ridge on the back of the parietal Biostratigraphy the use of biological organisms found in rocks to correlate ages between sites. Bipedalism

Narrative descriptive crime that happens in school Essay Example For Students

Narrative descriptive crime that happens in school Essay The school day started like any other day. I walked into the building and pressed my body up against the cold hard walls of the school so I would not be seen on camera. As I scurry down the halls, passed the office, I hear a familiar voice, Lisa, get over here Immediately. It was Mrs.. Leone, the vice principal. Well there was absolutely no way I was turning around so I picked up the pace hoping she would Just go away. My hopes quickly faded as I glanced over my shoulder and noticed she was right behind e, still screaming my name aloud. I turned the volume up on my MPH player to avoid getting In trouble for opposition to authority after all, I do not disrespect teachers On purpose anyways. I Just simply could not hear her over my exceptionally loud music. Now. I realize I am extremely late for Math class and walk at a faster pace to my locker. Just as I turn around, I notice I have lost Mrs.. Leone. A wave of relief comes over me. I feel a tap on my shoulder and I jump about a mile until I realize it was just my friend, Amanda. Lisa, are you out of your mind? You are in so much trouble! Mrs.. Leone is looking everywhere for you! says Amanda. I shrug it off. I mean how long can she possibly look for me. I decide not to go to first period as I may be called out if she looks up my schedule. So, I head towards the cafeteria, again with my body up against the walls. I definitely cannot take a chance of her watching me on camera. She may be able to find me that way. Now you must realize I am a professional when it comes to dodging these cameras, I have been doing this for over three years now! So anyways, I go sit in the cafeteria until my next class starts. Amanda comes to tell e again that she overheard Mrs.. Leone talking and I am in major trouble now seeing how I missed first period. I quietly think to myself Oh no, I really am in trouble. Can she not Just leave me alone already? Move on to the next suspect. Lunch ends and I go up to English class. As I walk In, my teacher, Ms. Smith, who has great shoes and, may I add, has a great wardrobe, takes one look at me and loses it. Now I have always known Ms. Smith to be an extremely fair individual but she went psychotic on me. Lisa dont you dare walk Into my classroom, get down to the office NOW! She was upset. For a split second I was actually terrified, she yelled so loud. I must have really screwed up. So here It goes, I have to go down to the office and face Mrs.. Leone one on one. As I walk down to the office, I am extremely nervous. Sweat Is seeping through my pores. I cannot make It stop. Maybe It Is because I know what I did was wrong. On the other hand, maybe I was just warm. I had butterflies in my stomach and thought I was going to be sick. As I walk into the office, Mrs.. Leone yells at me once more Whoa! I could have sworn the floor shook as she yelled at me so I quickly walked into her office without any questions. She walks in polite person however, at that moment, I knew she was serious. She starts Ms. Moore, you have violated the rules of the school and you will pay! That is a fact young lady. Your violation is an UN-tucked shirt with sleeves extended beyond the school shirt. My mouth dropped when I heard those words. I mean this is serious now the school police will be called in and I will be arrested for the crime. I begged her Mrs.. .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 , .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .postImageUrl , .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 , .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1:hover , .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1:visited , .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1:active { border:0!important; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1:active , .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1 .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub08919343924233ec537e6862e0e20a1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mandatory Physical Education in High Schools EssayLeone, please do not do this. I am very sorry, and I promise it will not happen again. Nevertheless, it was too late the school police were already at the door as one grabbed me and pinned my arms behind me to put on my handcuffs. As I walk out the door Mrs.. Leone states You are right Lisa, this will never happen again or you will not be allowed to graduate. You did the crime, you do the time. As I was led to the police mobile I turned back to take, one more look at the school and realized it was time to change my ways. No more uniform violations.

Toyota Environmental Factors Essay Example

Toyota Environmental Factors Paper Those factors that are under control of business operation have come under the internal factors and the factors that beyond the business control are considered to be external factors (Van Busch,1 980). Most of the time, external factors have come due to the results of the external business and referred to the external factors. The successful multinational organizations have made their marketing decision and its strategies for making encounter against the numerous environmental factors of the business. This paper has to aim for exploring the numerous environmental factors and the marketing decision for the world leading automobile manufacturing company Toyota Corporation. The car manufacturing company that headquarter has based on Japan is the largest motor manufacture in the world. The company has run its operation in the domestic and international level to the aim of expand their market share and offers a variety of cars for their customers. Toyota Corporation has more than 3000 sales centers in their domestic market, and more than 1 000 sales center all on the world (Bass Mornings, 2000). Discussion There are a number of factors that have a great impact on the decision of marketing for the Toyota Corporation. Factors have been including are global, social-cultural, economical, Legal, political and technological. These environmental factors have become very challenging for the business and encounter against them, even most of the time these environmental factors have become the major threat for the business. To tackle these threats firm have to the required number of strategic and marketing decision to overcome these factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Environmental Factors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Environmental Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Environmental Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Global Economic Interdependence Toyota Corporation has required selling their product accordance to the prevailing internal market due to the global economic interdependence. When there is the less demand from the internal market Toyota has require o adjust their marketing strategies and manufacturing car according to the global need, while when international demand has rises they have uses extensive strategies of distribution and marketing decision to meet customer satisfaction and need. The practices of trade agreement have also affected the decision of marketing for Toyota Corporation; the company has a major influence to make a contract with the sole agent for the specific market (Cortez camp; Penetrated, 2010), that would help fort the Toyota that do not sell the product directly towards customers even their distributors become bankrupt. Demographic, Physical infrastructure Cultural differences Social factors has relates to the demographic features and values. Characteristic of demographic has included the differences among genders among the consumers, perception of customers and attitudes, cultural difference between the certain communities, cultural diversities. Toyota Corporation has known that very well about various perceptions among their target customers towards the choice of motor vehicles (Bass Mornings, 2000). The company has determined the perception and consumer taste especially in the continent Africa. Uganda consumer has mostly preferred the cars of single cabins while the buyer on the United States has preferred four wheeler cars with double cabins. Physical infrastructure on the other hand has relatively important for Toyota Corporation, for example in Dark Continent Toyota have to face difficulties to sell their cars due to insufficient physical infrastructure, while demand of Toyota cars are relative quite high in Europe and US. Social Responsibility Toyota Corporation has the good name in the market because they are social responsible and able to back up domestics and foreign communities. Toyota Corporation helps to build the school and colleges in the village and donate good amount for the relief of food supply for those families who have been affected due to earth-quakes or other natural disasters. The company has the aim to protect the environment thus they are very well focus towards the green and receive good appreciation from the global community. Political system and International Relations Political and the legal factors are related with the country political status, this is basically the rules and regulations that have imposed on Toyota business by those countries where Toyota perform their business activities. These restrictions are not easy and tend to control for conducting the transaction Of business. Instability of the political system in majority countries has also appeared the negative effect from the marketing efforts for Toyota Motor Corporation (Cortez Penetrated, 2010). Foreign Act Foreign Act has set rules that the company has to comply the legal requirement of the countries in which they are operated that is help to reduce the conflict with the state agencies (Arthur, 1978). Toyota Corporation has to pay the license fee and taxes which are due. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1 977 is very useful in the international business for Toyota Corporation to avoid the wrong dealing and cost for money lost. This act will also helpful for Toyota Corporation that they can ethically and morally have the right for all the transactions that help to strength their business. Technology Effect The factors of technology have relates to the innovations and invention that are either based on the engineering or science. The aim of Toyota Corporation has to produce that car that is capable of dynamic wants of their respective customers. Company has a strong department of research and velveteen which have been able to manufacture the cars to satisfy various customer of domestic and international market. There are very nominal cases that defective cars have returned towards a company that shows dynamic progress of the company (Cortez Penetrated, 2010). The another important usage of technology by Toyota Motor Corporation is producing economical fuel consumption car that ensure that Toyota uses it process of manufacturing according to current advancement of technology. Conclusion The successful business has always engaged for seeking the opportunities, to just in the domestics market, but they have chosen brave idea by make their entrance towards the international market (Steven David, 2008). The companies who have overcome the environmental challenges for their business area are always having a competitive advantage over their competitors. There is a requirement to develop the appropriate strategies to go for counterattack towards any negative challenge that badly affect operations of the business. The unmet needs of the consumer are the optimum choice of Toyota Motor Corporation. Company research department constantly research to meet the expectations of customer. There is the need of detailed analysis for both domestic the internal market in which company would like to enter.

Agrarian Discontent In The Late 1800s Why The Farmers Were Wrong The P

Agrarian Discontent in the Late 1800's "Why the Farmers Were Wrong" The period between 1880 and 1900 was a boom time for American politics. The country was for once free of the threat of war, and many of its citizens were living comfortably. However, as these two decades went by, the American farmer found it harder and harder to live comfortably. Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the bulwark of agriculture, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation allowed foreign competition to materialize, making it harder for American farmers to dispose of surplus crop. Finally, years of drought in the midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890s devastated many of the nations farmers. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. During the last twe nty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the demonetization of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. The growth of the railroad was one of the most significant elements in American economic growth. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small shippers and farmers. Extreme competition between rail companies necessitated some way to win business. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. However, this practice hurt smaller shippers, including farmers, for often times railroad companies would charge more to ship products short distances than they would for long trips. The rail companies justified this practice by asserting that if they did not rebate, they would not make enough profit to stay in business. In his testimony to the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker stat ed, ...the operating expense of this road...requires a certain volume of business to meet these fixed expenses....in some seasons of the year, the local business of the road...is not sufficient to make the earnings...when we make up a train of ten of fifteen cars of local freight...we can attach fifteen or twenty cars...of strictly through business. We can take the latter at a very low rate than go without it. Later, when asked the consequences of charging local traffic the same rate as through freight, Mr. Parker responded, Bankruptcy, inevitably and speedy.... While the railroads felt that they must use this practice to make a profit, the farmers were justified in complaining, for they were seriously injured by it. A perfect example of this fact can be found in The Octopus by Frank Norris. A farmer named Dyke discovers that the railroad has increased their freight charges from two to five cents a pound. This new rate, ...ate up every cent of his gains. He stood there ruined. (Doc . H). The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. As a result, many farmers, already hurt by the downslide in agriculture, were ruined. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices of the railroads. Near the end of the nineteenth century, business began to centralize, leading to the rise of monopolies and trusts. Falling prices, along with the need for better efficiency in industry, led to the rise of such companies as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil, which controlled a majority of the nations supply of raw steel and oil respectively. The rise of these monopolies and trusts concerned many farmers, for they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would hurt consumers. James B. Weaver, the Populist partys presidential candidate in the 1892 election, summed up the feelings of many Americans of the period in his work, A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising. He wrote, It is clear that trusts are...in conflict with the Common law. They Agrarian Discontent In The Late 1800s Why The Farmers Were Wrong The P Agrarian Discontent in the Late 1800's "Why the Farmers Were Wrong" The period between 1880 and 1900 was a boom time for American politics. The country was for once free of the threat of war, and many of its citizens were living comfortably. However, as these two decades went by, the American farmer found it harder and harder to live comfortably. Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the bulwark of agriculture, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation allowed foreign competition to materialize, making it harder for American farmers to dispose of surplus crop. Finally, years of drought in the midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890s devastated many of the nations farmers. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. During the last twe nty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the demonetization of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. The growth of the railroad was one of the most significant elements in American economic growth. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small shippers and farmers. Extreme competition between rail companies necessitated some way to win business. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. However, this practice hurt smaller shippers, including farmers, for often times railroad companies would charge more to ship products short distances than they would for long trips. The rail companies justified this practice by asserting that if they did not rebate, they would not make enough profit to stay in business. In his testimony to the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker stat ed, ...the operating expense of this road...requires a certain volume of business to meet these fixed expenses....in some seasons of the year, the local business of the road...is not sufficient to make the earnings...when we make up a train of ten of fifteen cars of local freight...we can attach fifteen or twenty cars...of strictly through business. We can take the latter at a very low rate than go without it. Later, when asked the consequences of charging local traffic the same rate as through freight, Mr. Parker responded, Bankruptcy, inevitably and speedy.... While the railroads felt that they must use this practice to make a profit, the farmers were justified in complaining, for they were seriously injured by it. A perfect example of this fact can be found in The Octopus by Frank Norris. A farmer named Dyke discovers that the railroad has increased their freight charges from two to five cents a pound. This new rate, ...ate up every cent of his gains. He stood there ruined. (Doc . H). The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. As a result, many farmers, already hurt by the downslide in agriculture, were ruined. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices of the railroads. Near the end of the nineteenth century, business began to centralize, leading to the rise of monopolies and trusts. Falling prices, along with the need for better efficiency in industry, led to the rise of such companies as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil, which controlled a majority of the nations supply of raw steel and oil respectively. The rise of these monopolies and trusts concerned many farmers, for they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would hurt consumers. James B. Weaver, the Populist partys presidential candidate in the 1892 election, summed up the feelings of many Americans of the period in his work, A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising. He wrote, It is clear that trusts are...in conflict with the Common law. They

Mis Development Essays - Information Technology Management

Mis Development Essays - Information Technology Management Mis Development MIS Development The term Management Information Systems (MIS) has come to refer to a wide range of applications of computers to data processing and analysis problems in the private and public sectors. The pace of developments in computing in general, and MIS in particular, is breathtaking. Traditional concepts of how computers can and should be integrated into businesses are being challenged by worldwide telecommunications and transmission of sound, graphics, and video alongside of text. Virtually all successful businesses use computers extensively. If you don't like computers, and want to have a career in business that involves little use of themthink again. You don't have to like them, but you will have to deal with them extensively. This is a fact of life along with the hole in the ozone, Oklahoma City, TWA 800, AIDS, and The Real World on MTV (now in its fifth season!). Computers can have a profound impact on the way that power is distributed in society. Those who ignore computers are apt to be left out of important decisions. You may even become the person in your firm who has responsibility for your firm's use of information technology. Nevertheless, many people have little understanding of what computers are and what they can do. There is a desperate need in our society for liberally educated people who are able to balance the enormous possibilities of computing with its potentially harmful consequences. In the business world, there has been a gap between those who are computer smart and those who speak the language of business. You need to know enough about computers to be able to: understand how computers support decision making and how they can be used to obtain strategic advantages; understand the challenges posed by the rise of the Internet; understand how the computer works in order to have a feel for the computer's limitations; understand how data is stored and managed; understand how to store and retrieve data yourself; understand the different types of computer systems and when one type or another is appropriate; understand how the overall parts of an MIS system work together and what some of the functions that they accomplish are; understand how to state computer system requirements and understand how computer systems are built; understand how computing is managed in the corporate environment; understand some of the social issues which computers raise. Achieving these objectives will give you the tools you will need to function effectively in the business environment. Bibliography www.gorgetown.com

SWOT Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SWOT Analysis - Coursework Example Walmart also has a very competitive pricing pattern (Kummer). By promoting locally produced food items, they are saving on the side of transportation and middle men and are able to place smaller orders (Kummer). Weakness The prices are not really low but the company is only creating a perception that they are low with the slogan, â€Å"always low prices† (Zenith). It has been pointed out that 80% to 85% of Wal-Mart’s items are more expensive† (Zenith). There has been allegation that the quality of goods sold at Walmart is poor and the service is also not up to the expectations of the customers (Zenith). Another bad reputation of the company has been that â€Å"Wal-mart’s buying practices injure its vendors† (Zenith). Walmart’s poor services to its workers had come under criticism many a times (Zenith). The conventional â€Å"business model and organizational rigidity† of Wal-Mart has been another weakness of this company (Zenith). Oppor tunities It has been an advantage of Walmart that, â€Å"instead of establishing stores near major urban centers where the population concentrates, Wal-Mart expands from its Arkansas base by constructing new stores that are strategically located near distribution centers and in smaller towns† (Rao, Qingyuan yue and Ingram, 7).

Bone Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bone Disorders - Essay Example Bone problems are of different kinds. They may include osteoporosis caused by low density of bone and which makes bones weak and susceptible to breakage, osteogenesis imperfect which increases the brittleness of bones, and Paget’s bones disease which makes bones weaker. In addition to these bone disorders, bones may also develop a range of infections and cancers. There can be many reasons for the development of bone disorders. Some major causes of bone disorders include genetic factors, poor nutrition, and poor rate of rebuilding and growth of bones. The most important modulators of the process by which bones form are hormones. Optimal development and maintenance of bones depends upon parathyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone. Of these, the most direct impact on the cells of bone is made by estrogen which interacts with specific receptors or proteins on the surface of osteoclasts and osteoblasts (Zallone, 2006). Bones maintain their strength and integrity through a process of continuous renewal known as remodeling. Accelerated bone remodeling may cause a range of bone disorders that include but are not limited to familial expansile osteolysis (FEO), juvenile Pagets disease (JPD), Pagets disease of bone (PDB), early-onset Pagets disease of bone (EOPDB), and expansile skeletal hyperphosphatasia (ESH) (Beyens and Van Hul, 2007). Many stud ies have concluded that the main cells responsible for causing disease in these bone disorders are bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Connective tissues are unlike the parenchymal organs in that their form and function reflects the extracellular matrices of the matter they are made up of. These different compositions of matrices lend unique appearance and mechanical properties to cartilage, bone, and dense fibrous connective tissue (Teitelbaum and Bullough, 1979). Dense fibrous connective tissue is made up of collagen in the form of well-oriented collagen bundles whose main

Value added Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Value added - Case Study Example There are various ways that Nike adds value to its products. One of them is through the development of their products using high level of creativity thus making them unique from their competitors. They put the quality of their products into consideration while at the same time ensuring that they consider the preferences and the needs of the customers. As such, they are always all ears listening to the feedback of their consumers and ensuring that they put into consideration the criticisms given to them. They also add value to their products through advertisements to create awareness to as many individuals around the globe as possible. They also conduct celebrity endorsements to their products to ensure that as many individuals as possible associate with their products. Nike also conducts the value addition of their products through improvement and development of new product or series. One example is the KD series which has developed from KD I to KD III series. Each of the series has its own unique design and price. Nike also adds value to their products by involvement in community affairs including events and also fundraisers (Davis, 2010). This enables individuals to see the social responsibility part of the company thus creating a good reputation for the

Difference between ETAR and CCC in Calculation of Dose

Difference between ETAR and CCC in Calculation of Dose Abstract Aims: According to the limitations of TPSs dose calculation algorithms, it is important to verify their calculations and to find the amount of differences of their results with actual delivered dose in the patient body for all of radiation situations to find the best and accurate algorithm to choose for use in routine radiation treatment planning. Materials and Methods: After validation of simulated Linacs head in water phantom as a homogeneous medium, the modeled head verified in Rando phantom as a heterogeneous medium for pituitary gland area irradiation. In the second part, ETAR and CCC algorithms were compared for 2 lateral parallel opposed and one oblique (45 degree) fields (3Ãâ€"3 cm2) irradiations at 18 MV using 30 º physical wedge. Results: Our results showed that there are significant difference between ETAR and CCC in calculation of delivered dose in pituitary irradiation. Also, none of the algorithms can predict actual dose in air cavity areas, except Monte Carlo method. Conclusions: As differences between algorithms may have effects on quality of treatment, it is important to evaluate algorithms to choose the best one for use in clinical situations. MC method is a great evaluation tool for comparison of clinical dose calculation algorithms. Keywords: Treatment planning system, Dose calculation algorithm, Monte Carlo simulation, ETAR, CCC Introduction The main objective of radiation therapy is to deliver the maximum possible dose to the target tumor with minimum dose to the normal surrounding tissues [1]. To achieve this, a good understanding of the dose distribution in irradiated tissue and most importantly, experimental verification of this distribution is needed. During the actual radiation treatment planning in clinics, dose distribution calculated by treatment planning systems (TPS). Any deviation in these calculated distribution would lead to difference in patients delivered dose and would have an important effect on quality and effectiveness of the radiotherapy treatment. Most of dose calculation algorithms in TPSs are inaccurate in radiation disequilibrium conditions such as near tissue inhomogeneity like near air cavities and bone-soft tissue interfaces for small and complex radiation fields [2-5]. Therefore, it is important to validate this dose calculations. Common validation is performed by comparisons with measured data which their reliability depends on measurement situations and instruments and several other aspects. So, there are some limitations in this kind of validation such as the fact that it is impossible to verify the dose calculations in some parts of patients body for example in brain irradiation. Currently, it is well known that the Monte Carlo (MC) is the most accurate method for dose calculation [6-10] and with the advancement of computer technology, dose calculation algorithms based on the MC method have the potential to be used to calculate the delivered dose in radiotherapy clinics. But, due to the time consuming process of the full MC calculations and some of the limitations in speed of computers in clinics [11], it is still impossible to use full MC in routine clinical calculations. However, it is most powerful technic to verification of TPSs dose calculations [12-14]. According to mentioned limitation of TPSs dose calculation algorithms, it is important to verify their calculations. There are several studies on MC validation of common dose calculation algorithms in homogeneous medium and simple and also complex radiation fields [15-22], but because of the several complex situations in clinical irradiations, it is important to find the amount of differences of dose calculation algorithms results with actual delivered dose in the patient body for all of these situations to find the best and accurate algorithm to choose for use in radiation treatment planning process. In this article, we compared two dose calculation algorithms of CorePLAN TPS for computed tomography (CT) images of a patient with pituitary adenoma. The algorithms were equivalent tissue-air ratio (ETAR) and collapsed cone convolution (CCC) which are routinely used in radiation treatment planning. The project divided in to two parts: validation of MC model in homogeneous and heterogeneous medium, and comparison of ETAR and CCC algorithms with MC as a gold standard. After validation of simulated head of the medical linear accelerator (Linac) in water phantom as a homogeneous medium, the modeled head verified in Rando phantom as a heterogeneous medium for pituitary gland area irradiation. In the second part, ETAR and CCC algorithms were compared to MC simulation for planned pituitary radiation same as one in Rando phantom. Materials and Methods Monte Carlo Simulations The EGSnrc [23] user code BEAMnrc [24] was used to model an 18 MV beam from a Varian 2100C/D (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). The Linac was modelled with different component modules (CM). Table-1 shows these components and their materials. The schematic geometry showing the CMs are shown in figure-1. The 3D image created by EGS_WINDOWS [25] program. In this study, ISOURC==19 was used for modelling the incident electron beam. This source is a circular beam with 2-D Gaussian distribution of particles. ECUT and PCUT parameters which used to define the global electron and photon cutoff energy, were set to 0.7 MeV and 0.01 MeV. Also, Electron Range Rejection with ESAVE value of 0.7 MeV in the target and ESAVE-GLOBAL=2 MeV and Directional Bremsstrahlung Splitting with NBRSL=750 were used to minimize the simulation time. Phase Space data were created for open 10 Ãâ€"10 cm2 photon beam and the percent depth dose (PDD) and profiles of measured and simulated data were used for verification of the beam energy and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the incident electron beam in 30 Ãâ€" 30 Ãâ€" 30 cm3 water phantom using DOSXYZnrc code [26]. To drive best estimates for the energy and FWHM of the incident electron beam, the method which introduced by Sheikh-Bagheri and Rogers [27] were used. For comparison between calculations and measurements, all curves were normalized to the center of the field for dose profiles and the depth of dose maximum for the PDD curves. This procedure is suggested by Pemler et al. [28] for MC calculated dose distributions of single electron fields. Differences between the calculated and measured curves for dose profiles, were compared in terms of dose difference (DD) in the low dose gradient areas, and distance to agreement (DTA) in millimeter (mm), in the high dose gradient. For both of Rando phantom and patient studies, CT images of phantom and the patient were used by CTcreate program to make *.egsphant file for irradiation by ISOURC=8 in DOSXYZnrc code. Radiation Treatment Planning The study was done for Rando phantom and one clinical case CT images originally calculated with equivalent tissue-air ratio algorithm (ETAR) by CorePLAN treatment planning system for pituitary gland radiotherapy. Two other dose algorithms were used: collapsed cone convolution (CCC) and Monte Carlo program, BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc codes. The dose calculation algorithms were compared for 2 lateral parallel opposed and one oblique (45 degree) fields (3Ãâ€"3 cm2) irradiations at 18 MV using 30 º physical wedges. Figure 2 shows designed radiation plan for Rando phantom and patient CT images. Dose Distributions In Monte Carlo simulation, dose distributions were calculated with DOSXYZnrc that were used as a benchmark and in Rando phantom study, radiographic (Kodak EDR2) and radiochromic (Gafchromic EBT2) films used to obtain planar dose distributions. All films scanned with Microtek 9800XL scanner. Gafchromic EBT2 films scanned 24 h after irradiation [29]. As the pituitary gland is placed in level 3 in Rando phantom (see figure 3), dose calculations and measurements were compared for the delivered dose in surfaces between layers (2,3), (3,4) and (4,5), in terms of 2D isodose curves. All measurements were repeated three times. Results Validation of Monte Carlo For validation of Monte Carlo simulation, results were compared with measurements in water phantom and 18.2 MeV and 1.5 mm for energy and FWHM of the incident electron beam shows the best match with measurements. Figure 4 shows PDD and dose profile for mentioned energy and FWHM. For PDD curve, dose difference was below 1% and for dose profile, DD and DTA were 0.97%  ± 0.65 and 1.71 mm  ± 1.08 for open field and 1.23%  ± 1.09 and 1.79mm  ± 0.96 for wedged field. Evaluation of Monte Carlo simulation in Rando phantom Simulated Linac were evaluated by comparison with EBT2 and EDR2 film dosimetry in Rando phantom as a heterogeneous medium for pituitary radiation treatment dose calculations. This part of the study performed to make sure that simulated Linac have an acceptable performance in a heterogeneous medium similar to the patient body, where measurement of the delivered dose is impossible. Totally, differences between Monte Carlo and film measurements were 4.93%  ±0.87 for all of the layers. These differences were 4.62%  ± 1.37 for EBT2 films and 5.03%  ± 0.49 for EDR2 film dosimetry. Also, there were 1.2% difference between EBT2 and EDR2 results. Patient study results The final purpose of this study was evaluation of ETAR and CCC dose calculation algorithms in almost small size complex radiation wedged fields. To achieve this, Monte Carlo simulation used as a gold standard to compare these algorithms. Figure 5 shows results of the radiation treatment planning using Monte Carlo method, ETAR and CCC dose calculation algorithms. The differences between Monte Carlo and dose calculation algorithms were 6.40%  ± 3.44 (range: 3.8% to 10.3% ) for CCC and 10.36%  ± 4.37 (range: 5.5% to 13.9% ) for ETAR. Discussion Dose calculation algorithms in treatment planning systems have an important role in radiation oncology departments. Any inaccuracy in predicting dose distribution in patients body will change the quality of the treatment. So, it is important to find the suitable algorithm for dose calculations in radiation therapy process. New algorithms which commonly used in TPSs, beside of their improvements in calculation, may have appreciable inaccuracies in some clinical situations such as small fields, electron disequilibrium and interfaces between different densities [7]. In this study, the differences between CCC and ETAR algorithms were compared to MC simulation results which considered as a gold standard. The study was done for a patient case with pituitary adenoma. To achieve this, the project divided in to two parts. The first step was validation of modelled Linac head in water and Rando phantom as homogeneous and heterogeneous medium. Results of simulated head in water phantom showed that the best match between simulated results and measurement data will appear when energy and FWHM of incident electron beam was set to 18.2 MeV and 1.5 mm, respectively. These amounts were in the range of their resulted amounts in previous MC studies [27, 30-32]. There are several recommendations for evaluate the accuracy of dose calculations in various areas with high or low dose gradient[33-38]. Our results for open and wedged fields in water phantom were in agreement with recommended amounts by Venselaar et al.[33] for dose profiles and also differences between measured and simulated results were under 2 percent recommended in previous studies for PDD curves[12, 27, 33, 39]. Evaluations in Rando phantom study showed 4.93%  ±0.87 for all of the EBT2 and EDR2 layers in comparison with MC simulation. This difference was little than 7% discrepancy reported by Brualla et al.[40] and was more than Dobler et al.[16] results which reported 3% difference between MC and film dosimetry in heterogeneous medium. There would be two reasons for this difference. The first one is the gaps between Rando phantom layers which made by placing the film between them. These gaps are larger for EDR2 films because of the thickness of their cover. While, in MC simulation these distances would not considered in calculations. The second one is the fact that in high density tissues such as bone, as the number of the scattered secondary electrons increases, delivered dose will decrease and this will considered in MC calculations. Because this method considers all of the interactions occur in that tissue and calculates the delivered dose in it. But in film dosimetry, film density is equal to the soft tissue density and bone scatter electrons will cause an increment in delivered dose in the film and this may lead to a disagreement between MC and film dosimetry. Film dosimetry have uncertainties pertinent to several factors such as nonuniform thickness of the sensitive layer, temperature effects, scanner uncertainty and its warm up effect[41-43]. There was 1.2% difference between EBT2 and EDR2 films. EDR2 films are light sensitive and were cut in a dark room; However, this low light may have effects on measurements. Also, EDR2 film processing have remarkable effects on the results while there is no need to process the EBT2 films. Final results showed about 6.4% difference for CCC algorithm and about 10.3% for ETAR algorithm in comparison to MC simulation. Chow et al.[44] evaluated the anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and CCC in heterogeneous phantom for tangential photon beam. They showed that the mean dose differences between MC and CCC was about 4.6% for 15 MV photon beam with 7Ãâ€"7 cm2 field size. Polednik et al. [17] in comparison between pencil beam (PB) and collapsed cone (CC) algorithms in an anthropomorphic phantom, reported that there is about 6% difference between CC algorithm calculations and measurements. Our results are close to their findings and also Calvo et al. [19] results which reported about 5.6% differences for CCC in comparison with MC. Figure 5 shows that none of the algorithms could predict the actual dose in air cavity except MC. This difference is larger for ETAR. This is due to this fact that ETAR algorithm uses the ratio of two tissue-air ratio (TAR) for inhomogeneity correction and in definition, TAR is ratio of absorbed dose in a given depth in absorbent material to the same depth in a small air region in electron equilibrium situation. Therefore, this algorithm assumes that there is electron equilibrium in all points. So, in bone-air interfaces which there in no electron equilibrium, ETAR will have fault in dose calculations [45]. Also, ETAR only considers primary and scattered photons and doesnt consider the secondary electrons. Hence, it cant evaluate the electron disequilibrium [12, 46-50]. While, CCC models electron transport and will predict the effects of electron disequilibrium in heterogeneous interfaces [51]. Our results showed that CCC algorithm as a model based dose calculation algorithm, have a better agreement with MC simulation and the results of this study confirms the previous studies [15, 52-56]. In conclusion, as differences between algorithms may have effects on quality of treatment, it is important to evaluate algorithms to choose the best one for use in clinical situations. MC method is a great evaluation tool for comparison of clinical dose calculation algorithms. Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by grant no. 90-04-30-15948 to S. R. Mahdavi from the deputy of research of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data presented here are provided from the K. Tanhas MSc thesis. The authors would like to thank Dr. M. Sohrabpour from Sharif university of technology for his support on this study and physics staff of radiotherapy department of Pars Hospital at Tehran, Iran for their assistance.

A Midsummer Night?s Dream Essay -- essays research papers

Loves Misfortunes A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is a romantic comedy written by William Shakespeare. It deals with the feelings of love and marriage as well as the laws and social order of the time. The story contains fairies and other mystical creatures who take it upon themselves to guide the mortals in the directions they think necessary. This leads to many hilarious situations and misfortunes for the humans. There are many characters in the play and, for the most part, each one is in love with one of the other characters. The play starts with Theseus, the Duke of Athens, proposing to Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazons. This is the only couple throughout the play who seem to never waver in their love for each other. These two seem to have a perfect love for each other, much like the love Hermia and Lysander have for each other before the fairies intervene. The other couple in the story that are of royal blood are Oberon, the king of the fairies, and Titania, the queen of the fairies. These two are having a lovers quarrel which has sent the seasons out of order and caused great disorder. Oberon is in love with Hoppolyta and Titania is in love with Theseus. Their lovers quarrels provide much of the comedy in the play. The other four characters caught in love triangles are Lysander and Hermia, who are in love with each other, Demetrius who loves Hermia, and Helena who loves Demetrius. Lysander and Hermia wish to marry each other but Hermia’s father, Egeu...

Examine the techniques Iago employs to achieve his aims in the play Othello

In traditional Shakespearean tragedies the protagonist is destroyed through their own fatal flaw. The play Othello is different because there is a villain which is unusual for a Shakespearean tragedy. In the play Macbeth, the tragic events occur because of Macbeths own fatal flaw of ambition. However in the play Othello; Iago, one of the main characters manipulates Othello's fatal flaw of jealously which leads to the tragic ending of the play. He says how he is using Othello by â€Å"following him I follow but myself†; he is pretending to be loyal to Othello but is really doing it for his own benefit. Iago plans revenge on Othello when he gives Cassio the job of lieutenant instead of to him; he describes himself as â€Å"worth no worse a place† and is showing that he thinks highly of himself. Even after he manages to get Cassio dismissed and replaces him as lieutenant, he still continues to carry out his plan of destruction. This reveals that the reason of Iagos plans are merely just for fun. Iago deceives everyone even Roderigo who supports him, not knowing everything about Iago's plans, he even questions why he â€Å"ever made a fool my purse† which shows he is only using Roderigo for his own benefit. No-one in the play seems to know what Iago is really like. He manipulates everyone in the play to gain their trust although he only uses them. Cassio praises Iago by saying that he had sung â€Å"an excellent song†, this is because he doesn't know that it was actually because of Iago that he was dismissed from the job of lieutenant. Iago is seen as a manipulative and evil character, he betrays Othello by telling Brabantio that Desdemona is married to Othello; â€Å"you're robbed†¦ an old black ram is tupping your white ewe†, he uses crude, sexual imagery to make their marriage seem worse than it is to make Brabantio angry because his daughter got married without his consent. He constantly makes racist comments about Othello; by referring to him as â€Å"thick-lips† and tries to make him seem like a bad character, because in Shakespearean times it was seen as wrong for a white woman to marry a black man. Iago tries to convince himself that Othello has had an affair with is wife; â€Å"I hate the Moor, And it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets He's done my office. † Iago is jealous even though he is not completely sure that Othello has had an affair with his wife. He treats Emilia badly he tells her to â€Å"be not acknown on't† he makes her do what he wants and tell her to pretend she does not know anything about Desdemona's handkerchief. He also makes general bad comments about women; â€Å"she give you so much of her lips as of her tongue† he is saying that Emilia talks too much, something which she shouldn't do. Iago has a general dislike for women and stabs Emilia when she realises what he has done he also causes Othello to hit Desdemona in public and makes him call her a â€Å"whore† to her face. To make Othello jealous he makes out that Desdemona is having an affair but he only hints, â€Å"Lie – † this makes Othello jump to conclusions and finish off the sentences himself; â€Å"Lie with her? Lie on her? † Iago does not try to correct him â€Å"With her, on her, what you will† he just agrees with what Othello is saying. Sometimes when talking to Othello he says something and immediately takes it back to get Othello curious. Othello gave Desdemona a handkerchief which had been passed through his family, Iago tells Emilia to steal it for him and plants it in Cassio's bedchamber. He tries to wind up Othello by discretely reminding Othello that Desdemona did not have the handkerchief anymore: â€Å"But if I give my wife a handkerchief†, he is tormenting him with the thought that Desdemona is not acting truly loyal to Othello, like Emilia would to Iago. Shakespeare uses asides and soliloquies throughout the play as a dramatic technique. While talking to Othello, Iago says â€Å"O, you are well turned now! But I'll set down the pegs that make this music, As honest as I am† it reminds us of Iago's evil nature, and shows how he is planning Othello's destruction. Soliloquies are similar to asides in what they do in the play. They remind us of what Iago is planning and also show us what he thinks about what he has achieved so far.

Bartleby the Scrivener Essay Essay Example

Bartleby the Scrivener Essay Essay Example Bartleby the Scrivener Essay Essay Bartleby the Scrivener Essay Essay Essay Topic: Bartleby the Scrivener Bartleby the Scrivener Outline I. Introduction: A. Plot Overview B. Thesis Statement: The short story Bartleby the Scrivener is very difficult to interpret. However, I am going to interpret what I believe the reader should know for certain about Bartleby and why Melville provides so little explicit information about Bartleby. II. About Bartleby A. Bartleby is very complex character B. He is passively stubborn C. He looses interest in his work III. Why Melville provides little information about Bartleby? A. To connect with the reader B. To leave room for interpretation IV. Conclusion: A. Restate thesis B. Reflections â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street† The short story Bartleby the Scrivener is very difficult to interpret. The author uses vague and confusing language to describe the Lawyer’s employee named Bartleby. However, I am going to interpret what I believe the reader should know for certain about Bartleby and why Melville provides so little explicit information about Bartleby. The short story Bartleby the Scrivener centers on a scrivener name Bartleby for a law firm. The story is narrated by the Lawyer, who employs Bartleby, and tells the story of his strangest employee Bartleby. The Lawyer has two other scriveners, Turkey and Nippers, and an errand boy, Ginger Nut but finds Bartleby to be the most interesting of all the scriveners. As the story begins, the Lawyer realizes he needs another copyist. Bartleby answers the ad, and the Lawyer hires him. Bartleby writes swiftly and accurately for the first few days. The plot of the story revolves around Bartlebys refusal to carry out his employers orders. When asked to perform a task, Bartleby frequently responds, I would prefer not to(pg. 160). This particularly passive form of resistance causes his employer much concern. Eventually, Bartleby refuses to do anything at all and simply stares vacantly at the wall. The narrators feelings for Bartleby alternate between pity and revulsion. The lawyer ends up firing Bartleby; however Bartleby prefers not to leave. After the narrator attempts to reason with Bartleby, the scrivener is forcibly removed and imprisoned. The narrator visits Bartleby to find him in the same state of mind preferring to even eat. When the narrator visits again a few days later, he discovered Bartleby dead. Bartleby had starved. The Lawyer then ends his narration of the story with the one clue he was ever able to discover about Bartleby which was a rumor that the late scrivener once worked at the Dead Letter office, and was fired after the administration changed hands. This left the narrator along with the reader to wonder whether it was this job, sad and depressing as it is, that drove Bartleby to his strange madness. The reader is left wondering what happened to this rather strange man and attempting to describe or understand Bartleby is complicated. It is difficult to attempt to describe Bartlebys because the reader is practically given no information on him besides the physical characteristics. However, there are a few things the reader should know for certain about Bartleby. For one, we know that Bartleby is a complex character and passively prefers not to discuss his life and his past. Bartleby is homeless and does not eat much. He’s also passively stubborn and very set in his ways. Melville uses the adjectives to describe the scrivener: pallid, forlorn, even cadaverous. These adjectives paint an unhealthy image of Bartleby of physical weakness. However, Bartleby’s passive resistance to anything demanded for him to do or suggested to him is unbreakable making him incredibly mentally strong. Bartlebys quiet but impenetrable resistance ends up isolating him from the rest of the characters in the story. The decline of Bartleby pointed out through numerous details of the story, forces the reader to make conclusions about the Bartleby’s character. Bartleby’s death suggests the effects of depression. He literally had no motivation to survive so he refrained from eating. However, we really never know why or what causing this odd behavior because Melville provides little information about the character Bartleby. The way Melville provides so little explicit information about Bartleby is particularly important to this story. In fact we dont know anything about any of the characters beyond what theyre like in the office, not even our narrator. He could have chosen any number of different angles from which to provide information about Bartleby. His choice of the lawyer allows us to get close to Bartleby, but still feel profoundly mystified by him. Melville leaves out a lot of explicit information about the scrivener and through this perspective, we quickly identify with the conflicted feelings of the Narrator. The story draws the reader in emotionally as if though the reader, like the Narrator, is involved in trying to deal personally with Bartleby. Through his telling of the story, the reader begins to strongly identify with the narrator and see Bartleby as both pathetic and a little frightening. We also see everything through Bartlebys coworkers, who are directly affected by the scriveners inaction. Also the story takes place in a law office populated by a set of odd men, whose relationships with each are suppose to be professional in nature. So I believe Melville provided little information because the business-based world in which the characters operate had no room for personal interaction. Melville’s technique keeps the reader fully engaged with the story as it headed towards its tragic ending. Even though the story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† portrays the decline of Bartleby character as seen by the Lawyer and the author provides the reader with little information about Bartleby, it still allowed the reader to fully engage and appreciate the story. Also there were a few things the reader could have interpreted for certain about Bartleby even though Melville provided so little explicit information about Bartleby. sparknotes. com/lit/melvillestories/section2. rhtml bartleby. com/129/

Disclosing Medical Errors, How Soon The Patient And Family Member

Disclosing Medical Errors, How Soon The Patient And Family Member Disclosing Medical Errors, How Soon The Patient And Family Member Should Be Informed Who Should – Article Example Disclosing Medical Errors Insert Insert Disclosing medical Errors A medical error is a failure or inability of a planned course of action to be addressed as intended or using the wrong plan to accomplish the aim, but devoid of intentional or reckless actions that may harm the patients (NCC MERP, n.d). This paper discusses medical errors, who should be informed and how soon the patient and family members should be informed. Experts have highly encouraged professional disclosure of medical errors whenever they occur. Globally it is said that error is human, but it raises the question whether the clichà © covers such critical group of professionals or whether the errors that have been made so far are insignificant for other physicians to learn from them. Currently, there is no consensus on modalities and processes of reporting near misses. Patients require information on medical errors from an ethical standpoint so as to make informed decisions about subsequent treatments (Gallagher, 2 007, pp. 2713-2719). The greatest bottleneck to free disclosure of medical errors is the fear of increasing malpractice claims on the medical fraternity as well as vulnerability to medico-legal action. Disclosing such errors to patients themselves by the physicians may be perceived as the most straight forward affair in the making but is rather a challenging task. It raises fears of what one would expect in the following times (Wagner, 2012, pp. 63-69). The fear of going through such ordeal might make one feel less obliged to seek medical attention, and the "I’d rather not be told" sentiment from patients reveals less reacceptance of such errors. Many medical scholars have thus advocated for disclosure of such errors to family and not patients as this might predispose patients to sadness, anxiety, depression and trauma. The desired recuperation for patients might be delayed. Family members, therefore, encourage knowledge of what transpired, the consequences of an error on th eir health, the reasons for it happening, mitigation of such malfunctions, and the proper measures for the prevention of such errors in the future. Such reporting should also be timely as soon as such error is committed and noted as a possible point of professional malfunction by the physician. The family members are required to take the necessary course of action since they hold responsibility and reaction in trust of the patient (Garbutt, 2007, pp. 179-185).ReferencesGallagher, T. H., Studdert, D., & Levinson, W. (2007). Disclosing Harmful Medical Errors To Patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(26), 2713-2719. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra070568Garbutt, J., Fraser, V., Dunagan, W. C., Hazel, E., Marcuse, E. K., Krauss, M. J., et al. (2007). Reporting and Disclosing Medical Errors: Pediatricians Attitudes and Behaviors. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 161(2), 179-185. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from http://dx.doi.org/10 .1001/archpedi.161.2.179NCC MERP About Medication Errors. (n.d.). NCC MERP About Medication Errors. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from nccmerp.org/aboutMedErrors.htmlWagner, L. M., Harkness, K., Hà ©bert, P. C., & Gallagher, T. H. (2012). NursesÊ ¼ Perceptions of Error Reporting and Disclosure in Nursing Homes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 27(1), 63-69. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0b013e318232c0bc

What Are the Political, Economic and Social Challenges of Women in the Assignment - 1

What Are the Political, Economic and Social Challenges of Women in the Developing World - Assignment Example By allowing women to have a voice with respect to the political process, a whole new range of political perspective is opened up for analysis. Conversely, culture itself oftentimes plays an even more powerful role than does the democratization of a nation. For this reason, in nations where the harsh constraints of a conservative interpretation of religion is the norm, it is likely that even if women have the right to vote, the traditional cultural understanding of gender roles and the female’s place within society will be primarily interpreted through such a cultural lens and therefore work to diminish the overall rights enjoyed by women on aggregate. Such examples of the constricting role of culture within the political sphere can aptly be recognized in multiple regions the world over; oftentimes the result of the prevalence of extreme adherence to a particular form of religious belief. 2. What are the political, economic and social challenges of women in the developing world ? (5pts) Such an impediment strongly reduces the competitiveness of society in terms of the global economy. Furthermore, as previously discussed, the key political challenge that women face within many developing countries is under-representation in the political process; either due to a systemic form of sexism or a cultural tradition that does not put a high level of emphasis on women in positions of authority and/or power. As such, without the requisite representation of women in the political process, it is hard to generate a degree of interest among the female electorate the commit to participation due to the fact that there is little interest in a process that they may otherwise see as completely male-dominated (Adjei et al 234).  

The role of family members in the prospects of female entrepreneurs Literature review

The role of family members in the prospects of female entrepreneurs - Literature review Example The paper tells that business as a profit-oriented initiative primarily entails risk. This is the tone of the works of authors such as Timmons and Spinelli and Ward and Aronoff who put forward conceptual definition of enterprise as a pursuit of opportunity that requires the investment of resources and the exercise of control. The definition involve the variables such the requirement of considerable investment that one cannot control and the role of people and their motivation towards the enterprise's cause and objective. For these prior works, family becomes an inevitable model - ready and stable - that could address the social, economic and psychological challenges involved in starting and managing businesses. Indeed, even the most liberal and sophisticated economies such as those in Europe and the United States, family-owned businesses constitute as much as 85 percent of the respective aggregate enterprises. There is no business landscape wherein family-owned or controlled business model thrives than in Asian countries such as China. The cultural and social contexts underscore tight familial relationship as ideal, which naturally extend to business pursuits because it provides mechanism of effective control and support. Zapalska and Edwards work tells us more about this in detail with their in-depth analysis of the Chinese Confucian thought and how and why it places great importance to the family. As has been the case in China, the culture emphasizes respect for the elders as well as high regard for authority and the hierarchy on social and organizational levels.

Analysis governments involved in events and festival Essay

Analysis governments involved in events and festival - Essay Example The sector of the country involved with events and festivals is the tourism ministry. Tourism is the art of visiting and touring the country by the citizens and also visitors from other countries. Therefore there exist both domestic and international types of tourism. Tourism is n area of interest in all governments and they focus greatly on this sector due several crucial reasons. Tourism involves attraction of citizens and foreigners to the beauty and culture of a country thus a government must use all the necessary resources to ensure that there are adequate tourism sites and events in the country (Chin, 2008). The purpose for government’s participation in most events and festivals is related to the tourism that these functions tag along with. Tourism is one of the moat promising sectors of a country’s economy if all the required resources are well maintained. The foreign exchange incomes are top in list in the sources of income for a country. For instance, in Britain, the tourism sector is ranked as the third highest industry involved with export income. The Britain government is among the top that receives the highest number of visitors from foreign countries in a bid to attend events and annual festivals (Alan, 2011). The other reason as to why a government involves itself with events and festivals is because they contribute to fast growth of an economy. Events are entertaining and all entertainment industries in all countries are always on the lead. People prefer using their money on fun stuff and issues that bring the unity of the society. For instance, hosting different popular artistes to perform during festivities is a common move made by most countries to attract as many people as possible. The government will definitely want to invest in festivals so long as there is rapid growth in a country. In addition, governments get involved

The Radical Alien And The Winnipeg General Strike Of 1919 Essay Example for Free

The Radical Alien And The Winnipeg General Strike Of 1919 Essay In the spring of 1919, the residents of Winnipeg witnessed the most traumatic and biggest general strike in the history of the Canadian labor force. It took almost six tense week of anxiety and fear for almost all business sector including banks, food delivery, telephones, power, water, fire services, and mail were either reduced or extremely cut off by the strike of non- union workers and local union members from the public and the private sector.   The strike was eventually sparked by an argument or dispute between the metal workers and their superiors;   and quickly assimilated throughout the city’s work force, and further aggravated by unemployment, ideological ferment, and discontents over inflation. In 1914, right after the World War I, Canada was snapped out of the pre war season by sending and shipping foodstuffs worth millions of dollar and almost half a million troops to the front not to mention ammunitions to Europe. These eventually eliminated unemployment that resulted in a tremendous boost on the Canada’s economy. But the prosperity Canada has gained were soon replaced by inflation due to high overhead costs in the economy, the result of regional imbalance was eminent since the heightened demands for goods and services dropped down since the demand also went down, the number of demobilized troops, and severe unemployment were all contributing factors. Those workers who retained their jobs were agitated for a considerable amount of wages to balance their standard of living with inflation. But those who were not given such grew restless across Canada and talks of forming a One Big Union to subsequently oppose capitalism were conceived. The concept of forming such was inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the rise of the British Labour Party. Later in 1919, Winnipeg became the center of dispute and agitation when the workers in the metal trades and building found both their union’s standing and wage demand completely rejected by their employers. As a consequence, the metal workers moved for a strike by the beginning of May. The move quickly caught the attention and sympathy of the Winnipeg Trades and Labour Council or WTLC, which was the umbrella organization of all local labor groups. The WTLC members unanimously endorsed the plight of the metal workers and eventually called for a nationwide strike on May 15. It brought Canada to witness the biggest strike over an industrial conflict with such magnitude compassing almost 30,000 workers- most of them were strategically and locally positioned at the center of the economy. The strike was opposed by politicians and the business class, and was considered by some as the product of the radical aliens who wanted to undermine and cause restlessness to political and social values. It was perceived as a conspiracy aimed to dismantle the foundation of the nation To counter act the strike, they created a committee of One Thousand to restore the order and challenge the strikers: such as dismissing the police force who joined the strike and recruiting a special 2,000- man force to eradicate the strike. The federal government also acted on deporting British –born strike leaders through the Immigration Act. It was a big event in such a way the activity went on national and international news. During the six-week strike, several leaders of the Central Strike Committee were apprehended and jailed outside the city. This made the WTLC furious and defied the ban on conducting parades. The members actually protested in front of the city hall wherein they were dispersed by the federal troops and the Royal Northwest Mounted Police. According to Radforth, â€Å"the result was catastrophic for hundreds of protesters were injured and one striker died. The event was termed Bloody Saturday.† 1 The strike was officially called to a halt on June 26. The metal workers returned to their respective works with no pay increase. Some, belonging to the other work- force, were rehired only after making a pledge that they will not participate to any forms of protest. The others were deported, imprisoned, and lost their jobs. Though the workers did not meet their demands, the strike proved to be invaluable to the Canadian work force. Legislation soon created an act that obliged employers to honor and recognized the right of the workers for collective bargaining through their union. Eventually in 1920, 11 labor candidates won a slate in the Manitoba legislature, 4 of them were strike leaders. At that year, a person named James Woodsworth, was the pioneer independent Labor MP elected at Ottawa and then later became the founding leader of the so- called Co- operative Commonwealth Federation, now known as the New Democratic Party today. The General Strike of 1919 proved to be the turning point in the Canadian labor force. The event made legislators to create an act for the plight of the workers in terms of collective bargaining through their union. The event resulted in formidable changes in the working conditions of the Canadian work force and left an influential legacy in the heart and mind of the workers. References Laurel S. Macdowell, and Ian Radforths, â€Å"Canadian Working Class History. The Radical Alien and the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919† .Canadian Scholar’s Press. 3rd edition. March 2006.

To Kill A Mockingbird, Movie Vs. Book Essay -- Compare Contrast Haper

To Kill A Mockingbird, Movie Vs. Book Neither the novel nor film version of To Kill A Mockingbird is superior to the other, just different. In the book you delve more into the separate characters while in the film you see the relationships in action. The book gives you a broader view of everything, but at the same time the movie points out everything that seems important. Lastly, the novel shows Scout as a girl caught in the middle, when the movie seems to paint Scout as a girl without a inkling of what is going on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book shows the separate characters. In the novel you see The whole character by what they say. Cal can be described as a teacher to the children. She shows them the way that others live when she takes them to her church in chapter twelve. She also remarks that â€Å"...Don’t matter who they are, anybody sets foot in this house’s yo’ comp’ny...†(p.24) this says that everyone is important no matter who they are. The statement â€Å"I know all that, Scout. It was the way he said it made me sick, plain sick.†(p.199) shows how much Dill really understands of what is going on. Jem is basically the same person in both the movie and the book. He seems to be the distant, yet loving, brother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the book shows the individual people, the movie shows the relationships in action more than the book. The movie shows Cal and the children in action. It shows how they act around each other, the looks and the tones of voices that are being used, that can chang...

Global Health Risks And Uk Health And Social Care Essay

The UK is one of the major precursors in states indexed as extremely developed together with the United States. However, despite its aforesaid position as a prima economic state, it is still afflicted with legion wellness menaces coming from domestic or the international community. [ /intro ] One identified increasing menace to wellness, stemming from indigents, is Obesity. Before the morning of the twenty-first century fleshiness was rare, and it was merely during 1997 that WHO recognized the status as an epidemic [ 1 ] . By 2005, around 400 million grownups are corpulent, with adult females more stricken than work forces [ 2 ] . In clip fleshiness may replace old top wellness concerns, such as undernutrition and infection, as a important cause of hapless wellness. [ /internal wellness menace ] Data regarding in the UK has proven to be a cause for dismay. In the last 25 old ages fleshiness increased four 100 per centum: In comparing during the 1980s, merely 6 % and 8 % of male and female, severally, are afflicted with the status. However, by the twelvemonth 2002, twenty two per centum of males and 20 three per centum of females are corpulent [ 3 ] . There are multiple causes to explicate fleshiness, these include increased calorie consumption, sedentary life style, familial sensitivity or psychiatric illess [ 4 ] . But a major determiner of fleshiness is under scientific geographic expedition following the find of leptin. Leptin is a protein produced by adipocytes and act on the hypothalamus to stamp down appetite. Without leptin, or a decreased of degrees, thereof consequences in increased appetency ensuing to fleshiness. Surprisingly adequate fasting and devouring really low-calorie diet lessenings leptin [ 5 ] . As all of us are cognizant, excessively much of a good thing is damaging. This is besides applicable to human weight. Excessive sums of organic structure fat consequences in increasing morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease, endocrinopathies and malignant neoplastic disease – all of which finally lead to fatal result at a younger age [ 6 ] . Like any other state, the UK is under changeless menace from abroad sing wellness – one such cardinal illustration is swine grippe. [ /external wellness menace ] Swine grippe is a mutation of H1N1 or influenza A ( the most deadly type of flu-virus ) , with familial mixture coming from aviary, hogs and worlds [ 7 ] . The flu eruption began in Mexico and easy began to be a pandemic instance shortly thenceforth. It spread around the universe doing about 15,000 deceases worldwide [ 8 ] . Swine grippe reached UK on April, 2009 with the reaching of riders coming from Mexico. It was until May of 2009 that the first clinically confirmed instance of swine grippe was reported. By July the degrees peaked about at a reeling 10,000 instances [ 9 ] . The marks and symptoms of swine grippe are excessively generalized to run into a speedy yet accurate diagnosing. These include febrility, concern, arthralgia, unease, purging, diarrhoea and depression [ 10 ] . Despite its namesake, swine grippe can non be transmitted through ingestion of porc but instead direct human-human contact, more so by respiratory droplets [ 11 ] . In the UK, stairss were taken to prosecute the menace of grippe and of primary importance is through bar: by grippe vaccinums. It was given to medical forces, immunocompromised host and pregnant adult females [ 12 ] . There were initial studies of deficit due to the belief that two shootings were necessary to arouse sufficient protection ; nevertheless, surveies suggest that a individual shooting of flu vaccinum is capable of protecting an single [ 13 ] . [ /end ] Assess the functions played by international administrations and bureaus ( both inter-governmental and non-governmental ) in wellness publicity and disease bar in developing states. The most outstanding of health-oriented international bureau is the WHO or universe wellness organisation. [ /intro ] The WHO was organized station World War II by the United Nations with the primary aim of supplying all the people by the highest possible degree of wellness [ 14 ] . The major undertaking involved is combat and extinguish assorted infective diseases and wellness publicity throughout the universe. One should observe that with the attempts of WHO, a extremely deadly viral agent doing Small Pox was successfully eliminated through conjunct attempts of assorted medical bureaus around the universe. For such a effort, the WHO deserves fear. Now the current monumental undertaking is to extinguish another common viral disease called Polio, which causes lasting palsy station infection. Another targeted disease that causes much societal stigma and has reached ill-famed pandemic position is HIV/AIDS. The WHO strides frontward even if faced with challenges that are beyond the current bound of medical discoveries [ 15 ] . Infectious disease is merely a portion of WHO ‘s undertaking, and wellness publicity makes up the majority of its planetary wellness mission. Health publicity tactics include dietetic instructions, drug turning away and surcease of smoke. The WHO besides conducts surveies about the efficaciousness of vaccinums, particularly of grippe, so that the infection is ceased in its paths [ 16 ] . Some of the plans and undertakings that the WHO is presently set abouting is supplying safe H2O supply, obliteration of malaria and assorted medical/surgical plans ( efficient proviso of surgical attention to trauma victims ) [ 17 ] . With its impressive array of plans to provide assorted health-related issues, the WHO deserves much citation. However, the WHO entirely is non responsible ; one must besides confront the fact that each state is run by authoritiess that are either functioning its people or functioning its involvement. To do a greater impact the WHO and the state in focal point must travel manus in manus to function the several indigents it has sworn to function. [ /end ] Measure the impact of planetary part in the bar of HIV/AIDS Malarias Acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV/AIDS is a pandemic disease characterized by CD4 cells below 200 count and is caused by retroviruses. It was foremost recognized manner back during the 1980 ‘s and current planetary human death already reached 25 million people. In 2007, despite progresss in research refering anti-retroviral drugs, AIDS claimed around 2 million victims including more than 300,000 kids [ 18 ] . It is transmitted through contact with blood merchandises or mucose membranes, such as blood transfusion, sexual contact, perpendicular transmittal and chest eating [ 19 ] . Analyzing the manner of transmittal allow us to integrate preventative steps to collar the farther transmittal of the disease. Health organisations, such as CDC and WHO, promote pattern of safe sex and Needle exchange plans [ 20 ] . Some methods of practising safe sex is via usage of barrier, or more popularly known as rubbers. Condoms do lower the hazard of HIV acquisition but is does non so wholly, in fact rubbers promoted by the WHO have spermatocides that really irritate the vaginal wall of some adult females which may supply suited entry by assorted pathogens into the blood stream [ 21 ] . As for the needle exchange plan, the chief maneuver there is to supply drug users with unfertile acerate leafs for usage. This may sound absurd since wellness organisations are deliberately supplying acerate leafs for drug users, the benefits may outweigh the hazard in that HIV is kept under control [ 20 ] . In most developed states, HIV/AIDS instances have fallen or stalled due to the fact that there is increased consciousness in the general populace. This is attributed to aggressive runs, blood merchandise showing and publicity of safe sexual patterns. Malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasite that is transmitted through direct vaccination through the hosts ‘ tegument. Every twelvemonth there are reported extremums of 500 million instances of malaria with about 1-3 million fatal instances [ 22 ] . Agencies around the universe have formulated preventative steps to minimise or wholly eliminate malaria as an infective disease. However, an estimated sum of $ 3 billion a twelvemonth is needed to command the disease, and the financess are non equally distributed to assorted states hit by the disease. In fact, Africa which is considered to be the most to a great extent hit by malaria in contrast to other developing states, receives the lowest support as opposed to other states. It is non so much so of uneffective drugs, in fact we already have the necessary pharmacological intervention for malaria. The success lies in contributing administration, competent proficient attack, data-driven determination devising, and engagement of the communities [ 23 ] . Suggest International Measures†¦ There is no uncertainty that there is still inequality amongst other states. It causes discord to both sides of the fencing, so to talk. The poorer states are frequently times hit harder by illness and disease, and mortality is frequently high. When mortality is high it is frequently a contemplation of the authoritiess ‘ public presentation to supply equal wellness attention to its people. WHO is the organisation formed by the UN to see to it that all receive benefits from wellness attention, and to make that a pudding stone of international community formed merely so to provide its aims. For the past several old ages the WHO has surely done its mandated fundamental law nevertheless it is non without mistakes and through that it can still be improved. This is non to state that the WHO has done nil, in fact it has done everything it perchance can to work out at hand crisis and has done so with efficiency. However, to be able to go on into a better hereafter we must foremost shut the spread between the wellness services provided for the rich and for the hapless. It should besides form seamless attention associating bar and acute/chronic attention across all constituents of the wellness attention system. Furthermore, it must continually measure and measure itself for an assured and continued high degree of public presentation. The WHO itself has its challenges particularly to the states it handles ; most particularly when there is jailbreak of a extremely morbific disease such as grippe or MDR TB. The job comes when there is tenseness between the WHO and the state involved, most particularly when directives are given to that said state [ 24 ] . With those recommendations said, I believe that the hereafter amongst states lie entirely on its ability to synergize: one state lends to another less fortunate, puting aside capitalist economy and advancing existent attention for the people that need it the most. It is non merely the duty of the WHO, but the whole universe must be at a corporate. We are of the same species and must non be bound by race or faith. [ /end ] [ /rephrase ] Word count: +/- 1,500 [ 1 ] Haslam D ( March 2007 ) . â€Å" Fleshiness: a medical history † .A Obes RevA 8 Suppl 1: 31-6. [ 2 ] World Health Organization. Retrieved April 8th, 2009 [ 3 ] Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Health Committee ( May 2004 ) .A Obesity – Volume 1 – HCP 23-I, Third Report of session 2003-04. Report, together with formal proceedingss [ 4 ] leich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A ( 2008 ) . â€Å" Why is the developed universe obese? † [ 5 ] Chin-Chance C, Polonsky K, Schoeller D ( 2000 ) . â€Å" Twenty-four-hour leptin degrees respond to cumulative short-run energy instability and predict subsequent consumption † .A J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.A 85A ( 8 ) : 2685-91. [ 6 ] Haslam DW, James WP ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Obesity † .A LancetA 366A ( 9492 ) : 1197-209. [ 7 ] ew England Journal of Medicine, A Vladimir Trifonov, Ph.D. , Hossein Khiabanian, Ph.D. , and Raul Rabadan, Ph.D. , July 9, 2009. [ 8 ] ECDC [ 9 ] Health Protection Agency. 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2009-06-12 [ 10 ] National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation ( 2009-10-14 ) . [ 11 ] H1N1 Flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009-12-07 [ 12 ] NHS Choices. NHS Knowledge Service ( NHS ) . 2009-09-25. Retrieved 2009-09-28 [ 13 ] â€Å" One Vaccine Shot Seen as Protective for Swine Flu † .A The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-17. [ 14 ] World Health Organization. hypertext transfer protocol: //whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/official_records/constitution.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-18.A – For an easier to read version see â€Å" Constitution of the World Health Organization ( English merely version ) † ( PDF ) . World Health Organization. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/entity/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf. [ 15 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm [ 16 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2007/np07/en/index.html [ 17 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/surgery/challenges/en/ [ 18 ] UNAIDS [ 19 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/HIV/resources/factsheets/transmission.htm [ 20 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex/safer-sex-4263.htm, hypertext transfer protocol: //drugwarfacts.org/cms/ ? q=node/66 [ 21 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/ [ 22 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm [ 23 ] Barat L ( 2006 ) . â€Å" Four malaria success narratives: how malaria load was successfully reduced in Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam † .A Am J Trop Med HygA 74 [ 24 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd46/future.pdf